腹股沟疝的诊断和治疗进展

来源:岁月联盟 作者:杨勇 时间:2017-03-19

  2.3.3 巨大补片加强内脏囊手术即GPRVS(giant prostheticre inforce of the visce ral sac) 是在腹股沟处用一较大的补片来替代腹横筋膜,多用于复杂和复发疝,通过巨大补片挡住内脏囊,后经结缔组织长入,补片腹膜发生粘连得以实现[20]。

  无张力疝修补术的优点:(1)手术适应证广泛,适用于各种初发与继发的腹股沟疝;(2)手术可在局麻下进行,术中组织分离少,不需要做腹股沟区的广泛解剖,相对微创;(3)术后恢复快,2~3h即可下床活动;(4)术后短期或长期并发症的发生率显著降低,远低于张力性修补术(7%~12%)并发症的发生率;(5)术后疝复发率显著降低,充填式疝修补术后的复发率在初发疝低于1%,复发疝低于2%。

  2.4 腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术 常用的主要有:(1)腹膜内铺网法(intraperitoneal onlay mesh, IPOM); (2)经腹腔腹膜前固定铺网修补法(transabdomial approach with stapled preperitoneal mesh repair,TAPP); (3)腹腔外腹膜前铺网法(totally extrapertional approach with preperitoneal onlay mesh,TEP)。大多数学者采用TAPP或TEP[21~23],因为前者是经腹膜内解剖,后者是经腹膜外解剖。后者操作较复杂,手术时间长,且易损伤血管、神经以及周围脏器,并发症较多,而IPOM复发率较高。

  腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的优点:(1)术后疼痛轻,无需服用镇痛药;(2)术后恢复快,一般次日即可下床活动,术后1周即可恢复正常活动;(3)对双侧疝、复发疝的治疗最为适合,对于双侧疝它不需要增加手术切口,手术时间也明显缩短;而对于复发疝不需要解剖瘢痕组织,避免损伤腹股沟管的结构;(4)腹腔镜下可较全面地观察双侧腹股沟管的位置,对各种腹内疝作出明确的诊断和合理的治疗,特别是对复合疝以及隐性疝;(5)它是在无张力状态下进行修补的,不需强力缝合,不破坏腹股沟管解剖结构,不需游离精索,减少了损伤;(6)术后复发率低。

  主要缺点是:(1)费用较高,患者需要有一定的经济基础;(2)需在腹腔内和气腹下进行。

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