云南人亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因型多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联
作者:阚祥绪,邹天宁,吴瑕玉,汪旭
【摘要】 目的亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)是叶酸代谢的关键性酶,其催化作用决定了DNA甲基化与DNA合成之间的平衡。MTHFR基因多态性可能会影响叶酸代谢结局,从而构成肿瘤风险因子。研究分析了MTHFR各基因型在云南籍乳腺癌人群和正常人群中的分布差异,初步探索了MTHFR多态性与乳腺癌易感性之间的关系。方法以多重PCR?RFLP技术,对125例云南籍乳腺癌患者和103例正常人群MTHFR 677位点1 298位点多态性进行筛查。结果未发现MTHFR C 677 T和A1 298 C基因型频率在乳腺癌和对照样本之间存在显著差异。结论在目前样本条件下,上述两个 MTHFR位点基因型多态性与云南籍人群的乳腺癌易感性之间无明显相关性。
【关键词】 亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性;乳腺癌易感性;多重PCR?RFLP
Association between MTHFR Genotype Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Human Population from Yunnan
Abstract:Objective Background & Objective Methylenetetrahydroflate reductase gene (MTHFR) encodes MTHFR which is critical for folic acid metabolism.The polymorphisms of MTHFR may affect the outcome of folic acid metabolism. The research aimed at comparing the distribution of different MTHFR genotypes between breast cancer cases(n=125) and controls(n=103) in Yunnan, and exploring the possible implication between MTHFR polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility. MethodsMultiple polymerase chain reaction?RFLP was employed to analyze each genotype in case group and controls. ResultsOur data showed that distribution of MTHFR C 677 T and A1 298 C genotypes were not significantly different between cases and controls. ConclusionThere was no significant association between both MTHFR genotype polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility under the current sampling size.
Key words:MTHFR polymorphism; Breast cancer susceptibility; Multiple polymerase chain reaction?restriction fragment length polymorphism
0引言
亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR)是叶酸代谢一个关键性酶, 其在黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸的辅助下, 将5, 10?亚甲基四氢叶酸还原为血清中的主要叶酸形式——亚甲基四氢叶酸。 MTHFR的催化作用决定了细胞中叶酸趋向甲基化过程还是核苷酸合成过程, 因此关乎DNA甲基化与DNA合成之间的平衡[1?3]。 MTHFR基因呈多态性, 常见的如第677位C→T转换和第1 298位A→C颠换[4?6]。 677杂合型(CT型)和677纯合型(TT型)个体中, MTHFR酶活分别为野生型(CC型)的65%和30% ; 而1 298 AC型和1 298 CC型个体MTHFR酶活与野生型1 298 AA型个体相比也有显著降低。 酶活的降低可能使生物甲基化反应的甲基供体合成受到限制, 从而影响基因组DNA甲基化与基因表达。 一些研究发现,叶酸供给不足时, 677 CT和677 TT的结直肠癌危险度可能低于野生型CC和杂合子CT[7], A1 289 C中AC及CC发生急性淋巴细胞白血病、结直肠癌的危险度显著下降[8];当摄入充足的叶酸时,677 TT患结直肠的危险度显著低于相同基因型的嗜酒个体[9,10] ;迄今为止,MTHFR 677 CT、A1 298C基因型多态性与乳腺癌之间的关系研究却有各种截然不同的结果[11,12]。本研究使用多重PCR?RFLP,初探云南籍乳腺癌与对照人群MTHFR基因多态性及其与乳腺癌易感性之间的相关系。
1资料与方法
1.1血样乳腺癌患者外周血(n=125)来自昆明医学院第三附属未经化疗和放疗的云南籍女性自愿供血者(年龄35~60岁),对照样本来自同地区的正常女性(n=103),年龄33~57岁。
1.2DNA抽提使用北京鼎国公司生产的全血DNA提取试剂盒进行。
1.3MTHFR基因片段扩增及多态位点检测引物序列和多重PCR?RFLP方法[13]。677位点扩增产物为198bp,1 298位点扩增产物为128bp,多重PCR产物分别以HinfⅠ、MboⅡ消化,识别677 C→T和1 298 A→C多态性。
2结果
2.1MTHFR基因多态性MTHFR 677和1 298位点RFLP分析结果,见图1a~b。
2.2MTHFR基因型分布频率云南籍正常人群和乳腺癌人群MTHFR基因型分布频率比较结果,见表1。
3讨论
MTHFR关乎DNA甲基化与DNA合成之间的平衡[1?3],其基因的多态性有可能影响该酶的活性,从而影响DNA甲基化和合成,鉴于DNA正常代谢活动关乎包括肿瘤在内的诸多退行性疾病,对该基因多态性与肿瘤易感性研究的关系构成营养基因组学的重要研究领域。本研究对照与病例的MTHFR多态性分布中,MTHFR C 677 T中,对照与乳腺癌样本中突变纯合子TT分别占8.7%和17.6%;1 298位点中,突变纯合子CC频率为7.8%和11.2%。尽管统计学分析没有发现显著性差异,但在乳腺癌患者样本中,两个位点突变纯合子的比例出现明显的上升趋势,故尚无法排除所分析的基因突变位点与乳腺癌易感性存在一定关联的假设。Shrubsole等[14]在“上海乳腺癌”项目研究中, 发现对照与病例的MTHFR C 677 T多态性分布中, TT分别占16.9%和16.5%; 在1 298位点中, CC为3.3%和3.8%; Narayanan等[15]在苏格兰正常人群的研究中发现, 677 TT和1 298 CC分别占12.6%和14.6%; 而Kumar等[16]在印地安正常人群中, 发现6 777 TT、 1 298 CC基因型频率分别为2.9%和18.2%, 同时指出高加索人群中这两种基因型频率分别为9%和9.4%, 和日本等亚洲国家分别为15%~16%和1.5%~3.2%。 综合这些结果, 我们认为, 不同的人群, MTHFR上述两个位点的多态性频率分布存在较大的差异, 其纯合突变子与乳腺癌易感性之间的关系还需要进一步的研究。
图1MTHFR 677、1 298位点基因型多态性(略)
表1云南籍乳腺癌人群和对照人群MTHFR各基因型分布频率比较(略)
*Yates卡方校正检验
【】
[1]Fenech M. The role of folic acid and vitamin B12 in genomic stability of human cells[J]. Mutat Res, 2001, 475(1?2): 56?67.
[2]Wang X, Fenech M. The comparison of folic acid and 5 methyltetrahydrofolate for prevention of DNA damage and cell death in human lymphocytes in vitro[J].Mutagenesis, 2003, 18(1):81?86.
[3]Wang X, Thomas P, Xue JL, et al. Folate deficiency induces aneuploidy in human lymphocytes in vitro evidence using cytokinesis?blocked cells and probes specific for chromosome 17 and 21[J]. Mutat. Res,2006, 551(1?2):167?180.
[4]Goyette P, Christensen B, Rosenblatt DS. et al. Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutation in MTHFR[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 1996,59(6):1268?1275.
[5]Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, et al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular diseases: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase[J]. Nat Genet, 1995, 10(1):111?113.
[6]Kluijtmans LA, Wendel U, Stevens EM, et al. Identification of four novel mutations in severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 1998, 6(3):257?265.
[7]Kawakami K, Ruszkiewicz A,Bennett G, et al. The folate pool in colorectal cancer is associated with DNA hypermethylation and with a polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase[J]. Clinical Cancer Research, 2003,9(16 Pt 1): 5860?5865.
[8]Skibola CF, Smith MT, Kane E, et al. Polymorphisms in the methylen etetrahydro? folate reductase gene are associated with susceptibility to acute leukemia in adults[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sc i USA, 1999, 96(22):12810?12815.
[9]Sharp L, Little J. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and colorectal neoplasia: a HuGE review[J]. Am J Clin Epidemiol, 2004,159(5):423 ?443.
[10]Kim YI. Folate and DNA methylation: a mechanistic link between folate deficiency and colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2004,13(4):511?519.
[11]Ergul E, Sazci A, Utkan Z, et al. Polymorphism in the MTHFR gene are associated with breast cancer[J]. Tumor Biol, 2003, 24(6):286?290.
[12]Sharp L, Little J, Schofield AC, et al. Folate and breast cancer: the role of polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)[J]. Cancer Letter, 2002,181(1):65?71.
[13]Ping Yi, Igor P, Plgribny S, et al. Multiples PCR for situmulataneous detection of 677C?>T and 1298A?>C polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene for population studies of cancer risk[J].Cancer Letters. 2002,181(2):209?213.
[14]Shrubsole MJ, Gao YT, Cai QY, et al. MTHFR Polymorphisms, Dietary Folate Intake, and Breast Cancer Risk: Results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study[J]. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2004, 13(2): 190?196.
[15]Narayanan S, McConnel, Little J, et al. Associations between Two Common Variants C677T and A1298C in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene and Measures of Folate Metabolism and DNA Stability (Strand Breaks, Misincorporated Uracil, and DNA Methylation Status) in Human Lymphocytes in vivo[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2004,13(9):1436?1444.
[16]Kumar J, Das SK, Sharma P, et al. Homocysteine levels are associated with MTHFR A1298C polymorphism in Indian population[J]. J Human Genetics, 2005,50(12):655?663.











