脊柱后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术后感染临床分析
作者 李宏伟 马远征 鲍达 刘海容
【关键词】 脊柱手术
摘 要:[目的]探讨脊柱后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统术后感染的危险因素、诊断及处理方法。[方法]对脊柱后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术后并发感染的16例患者的手术时间、术中失血量、围手术期抗生素的使用、临床表现、实验室检查、细菌培养等进行回顾性分析。[结果]本组541例患者,术后感染发生率为298%,手术时间60 min以内、60~120 min、大于120 min术后感染发生率依次为000%,304%,590%;术中失血量<400 ml,400~800 ml,>800 ml术后感染发生率分别为212%,315%,1116%;术后使用抗生素,术中术后使用抗生素,术前术中术后均使用抗生素,术后感染发生率分别为110%,432%,1025%。15例取出内固定者及1例未取出者,切口均甲级愈合。16例患者二次手术后随访11~23个月,均无复发征象。[结论]脊柱后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定术后感染与手术时间、术中失血量有关,手术失血量越多,手术时间越长,术后越易发生感染,围手术期使用抗生素可有效减少感染的发生;确诊后病灶清除,内固定物取出,灌洗引流,静脉应用有效抗生素,可获得满意疗效。
关键词:脊柱手术; 内固定; 感染
Clinical analysis of postoperative infection after internal fixation of spine
Abstract:[Objective]To study the risk factor,diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection after internal fixation of spine[Method]A total of 541 cases of internal fixation of spine were reviewed and 16 cases of postoperative infection were studiedOperation time,blood lost,antibiotics administration,clinical symptoms,1aboratory tests and culture reports were studiedThe internal fixations in all 16 patients were removed and the patients underwent debridement and lavageThe specimen obtained in the operation was sent to bacteria cultureOne case of acute infection underwent debridement and lavage after postoperative administration of antibiotics[Result]The postoperative infection rate of 541 patients was 298%The infection rates related to different operation time of less than 60 min,more than 60 min to 120 min,more than 120 min were 000%,304%,590 respectively;the infection rates related to different blood lost of 100 to 400ml,400 to 800ml,more than 800 ml were 212%,315%,1116% respectively;the infection rates related to different antibiotic administration in operation,both in operation and postoperation,and in preoperation,operation and postoperation were 110%,432%, 1025% respectively All patients experienced wound healingAll these 16 patients were followed up for 11~23 months and no complication reoccurred[Conclusion]The occurrence of postoperative infection after internal spinal fixation was related to operationtime,blood lostAntibiotics may be an effective method for prevention of infectionThe surgical procedures should include debridement,internal fixation removal,lavage and antibiotics administration
Key words:Spinal surgery; Internal fixation; Infection
随着脊柱内固定器在脊柱外科的广泛应用,术后感染发生率逐渐增多。自2001年3月~2003年5月,对本院实施的541例脊柱后路椎弓根钉内固定术的患者,进行回顾性分析,以探讨脊柱内固定术后感染的危险因素及术后围手术期处理对感染的预防作用,并对发生感染的16例患者进行了手术,现将结果报道如下。
1 对象与方法
11 对 象
本组541例,男367例,女174例;年龄21~67岁。按疾病类型划分:脊柱退行性病变182例,脊柱骨折163例,其他12例。所有患者均在全麻下行手术减压或手术减压、椎间盘摘除和功能重建。其中发生16例感染患者,男11例,女5例;急性感染1例,迟发性感染15例。
12 方 法
回顾分析所有患者手术时间、术中失血量、围手术期抗生素使用等因素对术后感染的影响。对16例发生感染患者,其中1例急性患者经静脉滴注抗生素5 d后,在全麻下行病灶清除,灌洗引流,术中取标本进行细菌培养及抗生素敏感试验,术后选择敏感抗生素静脉滴注,用生理盐水加庆大霉素局部灌洗引流1周,先拔除灌洗管,1 d后再拔除引流管,患者伤口一期愈合,未再出现复发迹象;15例迟发性感染患者经1周左右抗感染、营养支持治疗后,在全麻下施行手术,彻底切除窦道,清除脓液,炎性肉芽组织,瘢痕组织,取出内固定物,用双氧水、新吉尔灭、生理盐水反复冲洗伤口,一期关闭伤口,术后用生理盐水加庆大霉素持续局部冲洗、引流,待引流液清亮后(约10 d),拔除引流管及冲洗管;术后按细菌培养选择敏感抗生素全身静脉滴注10~14 d。