布比卡因加明胶海绵在混合痔术后的临床应用价值

来源:岁月联盟 作者:谢长春 何纯刚 时间:2010-07-14

【摘要】  目的 探讨布比卡因加明胶海绵创面外敷在混合痔术后的临床应用价值。方法 将2006年1月至2007年6月收入院待手术的155例混合痔患者随机分为3组:A组为使用含有0.375%布比卡因的明胶海绵创面外敷,B组为单独使用明胶海绵创面外敷和C组为不使用明胶海绵创面外敷。观察患者术后肛门疼痛、创面渗血、尿潴留发生率、排便痛等指标。结果 A组患者术后肛门疼痛评分、尿潴留发生率明显低于B组(P<0.01)和C组(P<0.01),创面渗血评分、排便痛发生率明显低于C组(P<0.01),而A、B两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);B组术后肛门疼痛评分、尿潴留发生率与C组比无统计学差异(P>0.05),但术后创面渗血评分、排便痛发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论 布比卡因加明胶海绵创面外敷,可明显降低肛门术后疼痛和排便痛,有利于促进创面愈合。

【关键词】  布比卡因;明胶海绵;混合痔


    Clinical value of bupivacaine combined with gelatin sponge in postoperative mixed hemorrhoids patients

    [Abstract]  Objective  To explore the clinical value of bupivacaine combined with gelatin sponge applied externally in postoperative mixed hemorrhoids. Methods  A total of 155 patients with mixed hemorrhoids were randomly divided into group A, B and C from January,2006 to June,2007. Group A used 0.375% of bupivacaine combined with gelatin sponge on wounds of the anus, group B only used gelatin sponge, while group C as a control group used neither of them. Results  The postoperative anus pain score and incidence rate of urinary retention in group A were significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.01)and group C(P<0.01), and the score of the blood oozing from the wound and the incidence rate of defecation pain were obviously lower in group A than in group C(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between group A and B(P>0.05).There were no significant differences between group B and C in the postoperative anus pain score and incidence rate of urinary retention(P>0.05), but the score of the blood oozing from the wound and the incidence rate of defecation pain were obviously lower in group B than in group C(P<0.01). Conclusion  Bupivacaine combined with gelatin sponge applied externally may reduce the postoperative anus pain and defecation pain and so that to promote wounds healing in postoperative mixed hemorrhoids patients.

    [Key words]  Bupivacaine; Gelatin sponge; Mixed hemorrhoids

    混合痔术后肛门疼痛是困扰患者术后的一大问题,笔者采用0.375%布比卡因结合明胶海绵用于混合痔术后患者进行局部,疗效显著,报告如下。

    1  临床资料

    1.1  一般资料  2006年1月至2007年6月我科收治混合痔患者155例,其中年龄18~64岁,中位年龄35岁。无心脏病、肾功能严重障碍者。病程最短2年,最长27年,平均5.4年。患者病情基本相同,符合混合痔诊断标准。随机将其分为A组(含有0.375%布比卡因明胶海绵创面外敷)52例;B组(单独使用明胶海绵创面外敷)51和对照组C组(为不使用明胶海绵创面外敷)52例。3组间性别、年龄、病程、症状、体征等经统计学处理无显著性差异(P>0.05) ,有可比性。

    1.2  手术方式  硬外麻或骶管麻醉生效后,采用传统的外剥内扎术,自外痔皮赘下缘向齿线方向作放射状梭形切口, 剥离痔静脉丛至齿线上0.5 cm,用弯血管钳连同剥离的外痔皮瓣和内痔基底部夹住,7号线结扎, 剪去多余的组织, 保留好肛管皮桥,用3-0可吸收微乔线连续缝合创面,肛门外保留约1.5 cm创缘不予缝合以避免肛门狭窄。术毕,肛门塞入太宁栓1枚,接着按照A,B,C组处理方式处理,最后肛门塞入1条纱条,外加棉垫压迫包扎。

    1.3  术后处理  禁食6 h后予半流质饮食,预防性使用抗生素3 d,如无特殊即停药。术后48 h内观察患者肛门疼痛情况和伤口渗血情况,肛门纱条在术后第2天换药时拔除,患者排便时记录肛门疼痛的情况,排便后常规予1∶5000高锰酸钾溶液坐浴保持肛门清洁。

    1.4  术后观察指标  肛门疼痛:无症状为0分;疼痛轻微为1分;疼痛较剧、需口服止痛药为2分;疼痛难以忍受、需注射止痛剂为3分。创面渗血:塞入肛门的纱条无明显红染为1分;纱条红染,但无需更换为2分;纱条明显红染,湿透,需要更换为3分。