中草药中HIV-1三大酶类抑制剂研究进展

　　4  展望
   
　　由于AIDS在全球的迅速蔓延及流行，各国政府都投入了大量的人力、物力、财力来用于艾滋病的预防和治疗，科学家们也在加紧寻找新的具有抗HIV活性的化合物。目前已上市的21种药物均由化学方法合成而来，具有毒副作用强、价格昂贵、不能彻底杀灭病毒等缺点，使得其在应用上受到一定程度的限制。而天然产物是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，科学家们寄希望从中找到新的具有抗AIDS作用的先导化合物，并大大加强了对天然药物的开发与研究，且已取得较好的研究成果。
   
　　目前，研究者们已成功地找到了多种类型的抗HIV-1天然化合物，这些先导化合物要么结构独特，要么具有新的作用机制。科学家们在试图阐明它们的作用靶点及其作用机制的同时，通过结构活性相关性（Structure-Activity Relationship, SAR）的分析来优化这些先导化合物,使之成为一个候选药物，为开发新药和临床用药提供科学的指导。在已发现的具有抗HIV-1活性的中草药中，从作用的靶点可以看出，作用于HIV-1逆转录酶的天然化合物居多，而作用于HIV-1整合酶和蛋白酶的化合物相对少些，因此,继续从中草药中研究开发作用于HIV-1复制周期各个环节的有效化合物仍具有非常广阔的空间，同时这也是寻找有效抗艾滋病病毒药物的主要途径之一。

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