当代侵权法比较研究（一）
注释:
[1] André Tunc (ed), International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law (vol XI, 1971–81).
[2] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council:A more coherent
European Contract Law—An action plan,COM(2003)68final,2.
[3] 参见Gerhard Wagner, ‘The Project of Harmonizing European Tort Law’, in Helmut Koziol and Barbara C. Steininger (eds), European Tort Law 2004 (2005).
[4] Walter van Gerven, Jeremy Lever, and Pierre Larouche, Cases, Materials and Text on National,
Supranational and International Tort Law (2000); Christian von Bar, Gemeineuropäisches Deliktsrecht (vol I,1996; vol II, 1999); 英译本: The Common European Law of Torts (vol I, 1998/2003; vol II,200).
[5] European Group on Tort Law, Principles of European Tort Law (2005); 前期预备性成果有: Jaap Spier (ed), The Limits of Liability. Keeping the Floodgates Shut (1996);同前, The Limits of Expanding Liability (1998); 同前, Unification of Tort Law: Causation (2000);同前, Unification of Tort Law: Liability for Damage Caused by Others (2003); Helmut Koziol (ed), Unification of Tort Law: Wrongfulness (1998); Ulrich Magnus (ed), Unification of Tort Law: Damages (2001); Bernhard Koch and Helmut Koziol (eds), Unification of Tort Law: Strict Liability (2002); Ulrich Magnus and Miquel-Martín Casals (eds), Unification of Tort Law: Contributory Negligence (2004); Horton Rogers (ed), Unification of Tort Law: Multiple Tortfeasors (2004); Pierre Widmer (ed), Unification of Tort Law: Fault (2004).
6 Ronald Dworkin, ‘The Model of Rules’, (1967)35 University of Chicago LR14 ff =Taking Rights Seriously（1978 ), 15 ff. 这种对比显得有些牵强，因为，原则受制于最优条件选择，而不同于诸如《法国民法典》第1382条、1383条之类的原则型条款。
[7] cf John Antony Weir, in Pierre Catala and John Antony Weir, ‘Delict and Torts: A Study in Parallel’, (1965)39 Tulane LR 701 ff, 781.
[8] cf Andrew S. Burrows, in John Frederic Clerk and William Henry Barber Lindsell (eds), Clerk & Lindsell on Torts (18th edn, 2000), para 29-04.
[9] Jacques Flour, Jean-Luc Albert, and Éric Savaux, Les Obligations, vol II—Le fait juridique(10th edn, 2003), nos. 110 ff.
[10] 关于该问题，参见后文第三部分第三节第1项：法国对纯粹经济损失责任的限制。
[11] Pierre Catala and John Antony Weir, ‘Delict and Torts: A Study in Parallel’, (1963) 37 Tulane LR 573 ff, 605.
*罗马法中针对公共道路周围居民随意抛洒或者乱扔物品导致其他行人受到损害的情况也规定了无过错的严格责任( actio de deiectis vel effusis)——译注
[12] Reinhard Zimmermann, The Law of Obligations: Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition (平装本, 1996年版),922 ff.
[13] 参见Franz Wieacker, A History of Private Law in Europe (trans Tony Weir, 1995), 199; 详见Reinhard Zimmermann, ‘Christian Thomasius, the Reception of Roman Law and the History of the Lex Aquilia’, in Margaret Hewett and Reinhard Zimmermann (eds), Larva Legis Aquiliae (2000), 49 ff, 60ff.
[14] Catala and Weir, (1963) 37 Tulane LR; Henri and Léon Mazeaud and André Tunc, Traité
theorique et pratique de la responsabilité civile (vol I, 6th edn, 1965), no. 36.
[15] Jean Domat, Les loix civiles dans leur ordre naturel (1777), liv III, tit V; Mazeaud and Tunc (n 14), no. 36.
[16] Jan Schröder, ‘Die zivilrechtliche Haftung für schuldhafte Schadenszufügung im deutschen Usus modernus’, in Leticia Vacca (ed), La responsilità civile da atto illecito nella prospettiva storicocomparatistica (1995), 144, 147ff.
[17] Franz Philipp von Kübel, ‘Unerlaubte Handlungen’, in Werner Schubert (ed), Die Vorlagen derRedaktoren für die erste Kommission zur Ausarbeitung eines Entwurfs eines Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches,Recht der chuldverhältnisse (vol I,1980), 659ff.
[18] Motive zu dem Entwurfe eines Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs (vol II, 1896), 724.
[19] Protokolle der Kommission für die zweite Lesung des Entwurfs eines bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs(vol II, 1898), 571.
[20] Zimmermann (n12), 913; Catala and Weir, (1963) 37Tulane LR 583; Frederick Pollock and William Maitland, History of English Law before the Time of Edward I (vol II, 2nd edn, 1968), 558.
[21] John G. Fleming, The Law of Torts (9th edn,1998), 21; for more details cf David Ibbetson, A Historical Introduction to the Law of Obligations (1999), 39ff.
* 间接侵权之诉（trespass on the case），其是普通法的侵权诉讼形式之一。原来的侵权之诉（action of trespass）只给由侵权行为造成的直接侵害提供救济，而间接损害就得不到赔偿。间接侵害之诉是后来发展起来的一种诉讼，指一方的侵害行为与另一方的损失或伤害之间有间接而非直接的因果关系，是现代侵权法中过失侵权损害赔偿之诉的前身。其常被简称为“case”或者“action on the case”。——译注
[22] 例子可见Leame v Bray (1803)3 East’s Term Reports, King’s Bench 593, 599ff; 102ER 724, 726ff; Fleming（n21）, 21.
[23] 关于详细内容，参见，Ibbetson(n21), 48ff, 1159ff; Letang v Cooper [1965] QB 232, 238 (Lord Denning).
[24] Percy Henry Winfield, ‘The History of Negligence in the Law of Torts’, (1926) 166LQR 184ff, 196.
[25] David Howarth, ‘Is there a Future for the Intentional Torts?’, in Peter Birks (ed), The Classification of Obligations (1997), 233ff.
[26] Ibbetson (n21), 200. 27 Margaret M. Brazier, in Clerk and Lindsell (n8), para 13–03.
[27] Margaret M. Brazier, in Clerk and Lindsell (n 8 ), para 13–03.
[28] 关于详细内容，参见 Howarth (n25), 233, 242ff.
* 直到20世纪60年代中期，普通法还认为，专家责任只能因合同关系产生，除非专家存在故意欺诈。专家因过错陈述对信赖其陈述并受到损害的第三人不应当承担损害赔偿责任。Hedley Byrne V Heller and Partners一案具有里程碑意义，它通过注意义务使责任正当化。在Hedley Byrne案中，法官认为，“如果某人具有某种特殊技巧（与合同无关），并且决定将其技巧帮助一位依赖这种技巧的人，那么关注的责任就会产生”。参见徐爱国：《英美侵权行为法》， 法律出版社1999年版，第78页。——译者注
[29] Howarth(n25).
[30] Bramwell in Emblen v Myers(1860) 6 Hurlstone&Norman’s Exchequer Reports 54,59; 158ER 23,25.
[31] Christopher Walton,in Christopher Walton,Roger Cooper,Simon E.Wood,J.Charlesworth, and R.A.Percy(eds),Charlesworth&Percy on Negligence(10th edn, 2001),para1–19.
[32] 参见Geneviève Viney,Introductionàla responsabilité(2nd edn,1995),no.12.
* 制定法（Statute）主要是一个英美法上的概念，专指由立法机关以立法的形式创设的法律，故与由法院判决所形成的判例法相对。——译者注
[33] 引自Lonrho的权威判例Ltd v Shell Petroleum Co Ltd(No2)[1982]AC 173，185(Lord Diplock).
[34] W.V.Horton Rogers,Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort(16th edn,2002),para7.6;Tony Weir, A Casebook on Tort(10th edn, 2004),178–9.
[35] Morris v National Coal Board[1963]3All ER644,647;Bux v Slough Metals Ltd[1974]1All ER 262 ,267ff.
* 译者注
* 译者注
[36] Section130 Powers of Criminal Courts(Sentencing)Act 2000;关于该主题，参见Basil Markesinis and Simon Deakin,Tort Law(5th edn,2003),50ff.
[37] Rogers(n34),para1.13;Weir(n34),188.
* 这类似于我国《刑事诉讼法》中的“刑事附带民事诉讼程序”——译者注
[38] Viney(n32,nos.77f.
[39] Viney(n32),nos.131,135.
* 这类似于我国《刑事诉讼法》中的“刑事附带民事诉讼程序”——译者注
[40] Viney(n32),nos.126ff,131.
[41] Viney(n32),nos.134ff.
[42] 参见von Bar, Common European Law of Torts, vol I (n4), n602.