食管癌全程加速超分割与后程加速超分割临床探讨

来源:岁月联盟 作者:常桂花 时间:2010-07-14

【摘要】  目的:探讨食管癌全程加速超分割与后程加速超分割放射的疗效。毒副作用及并发症。方法:将30例患者随机分为两组。第1组全程加速超分割放射治疗组(A组),第2组后程加速超分割放射治疗组(B组)。A组每天照射2次,每次1.5GY,2次间隔时间大于6小时,总剂量54GY/3.5W。B组前3周每天常规照射每次2 GY,每天1次。30GY以后加速超分割,每天2次,每次1.5GY,两次间隔大约6小时, DT:58.5GY/4.5W。结果:A、B两组均顺利完成疗程。疗效,A组CR:5例,PR:10例;B组,CR:4例,PR:10例,NC:1例。A、B两组疗效无明显差异。毒副反应主要表现为放射性食管炎,放射性气管炎,但无统计学意义,并早期食管穿孔,出血为主要表现。晚期以食管缩容,持续性咳嗽。两组无统计学意义。结论:两组均能耐受根治性放疗。A组急性反应较B组明显,但两组无统计学意义。

【关键词】  食管癌;全程加速超分割;放射疗法;毒副作用

  Clinical Investigation on the Effect and Complication of
    Post Period Accelerated Hyper-fractionation and
     Continously Accelerated Hyper-fractionation
    for Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma

   Abstract:Objective:To investigate the result, toxic effect and complication of continuously accelerated hyper-fractionation radiotherapy and post period accelerated hyperfractionation for patients with esophageal carcinoma. Method: 30 cases with esophageal carcinoma were enrolled in the study.they. were divided into two groups by stratified randomization as follow a) the patient received continously accelerated hyper-fractionation 1.5GY/f,2fx/d.and b) those in the group of post period accelerated fractionation radiotherapy received the conventional fractionation 2GY/f, 1fx/d,untill 3 weeks the total cobalt 30Gy radiotherapy was used. these patients received accelerated hyper fractionation   58.5GY/4.5W. Result:The radiation  treatment were able to be complicated without any break.there was no signifciant difference in ( a) and (b) group . The toxic effects were mainly radiation esophagitis and radiation tracheitis, but there was an significant difference. The early complications were mainly esophageal bleeding and esophageal fistula. and the later complication were mainly esophageal stenosis, haemoptysis and continuous cough, but there was no significant difference too. Conclusions: a) can be tolerated by most patients with esophageal carcinoma; the toxic effect and complication of gromp A are more severe than that of b). but there is no significiant difference.

  Key words:  Esophageal carcinoma;Accelerated hyperfraction radiotherapy;  Radiotherapy;  Toxic effect   

  食管癌是我国常见的一种恶性肿瘤,放射治疗在食管癌的治疗中占有重要地位。随着放射生物和放射物理知识的提高,人们尝试用非常规的方法来治疗食管癌。其中食管癌的加速超分割和后程加速超分割放射治疗取得了令人瞩目的成绩[1]。本文对此进行了探讨,现将结果报告如下:

  1  资料与方法

  1.1  一般资料:我科从2004年1月至2006年10月,收治30例食管癌,年龄40~70岁为本组患者。经病证实为中、高、低分化鳞癌。KPS评分大于60分,食管病灶长5~6cm。无明显远处转移,能耐受根治性放疗的初治患者,能进流食,将30例食管癌患者分为A、B两组。

  1.2  治疗方法:TPS计划、模拟机定位,6mv-x直线加速器体外照射SAD:100 cm。A组每天照射2次,每次1.5GY,2次间隔时间6h以上,总剂量DT:54GY/3.5W。B组,前3周每天照射1次,每次2GY,30GY以后,加速超分割。每天2次,每次1.5GY,2次间隔时间大于6h,总剂量DT:58.5GY/4.5W,治疗期间采用支持疗法,以保证放射治疗的顺利进行。

  1.3  评定标准:客观疗效以肿瘤疗效评定标准。完全缓解(CR),部分缓解(PR),无变化(NC),进展(PD)。毒副反应以肿瘤放疗并发症评定0~4度[3]。

  2  结  果

  2.1  A组有效率:CR+PR  总数  30×100%=5+10  ×100%=50%B组有效率:CR+PR 总数  30×100%=4+11  ×100%=50%

  2.2  毒副反应:见表1。表1  毒副反应(略)

  2.2.1  放射性气管炎、放射性食管炎主要表现咳嗽、胸骨后烧灼感,晚期反应表现放射性肺炎,出现咳嗽、气短等症状。急慢性放射反应主要表现为Ⅰ~Ⅱ°,经对症处理均能缓解。

  2.2.2  对周围血像影响:白细胞抑制Ⅰ~Ⅱ°对症处理均能完成放疗。A组较B组出现早些,但无统计学意义。

  3  讨  论     

  在肿瘤中,人们首先意识到头颈部肿瘤存在着加速再增殖,许多认为,总治疗时间长短对头颈部肿瘤的放疗效果有明显影响,治疗时间较长肿瘤局控率下降。因此人们较早用加速超分割方法治疗头颈部肿瘤,提高局部控制率,同样在其它肿瘤如食管癌中也存在着肿瘤的加速再增殖。人们在食管癌中应用全程加速超分割或后程加速超分割治疗,取得较好的疗效[2],在临床中对于较早发现的食管癌患者符合下列条件的作全程超分割或后程超分割:①一般状况可,KPS大于60分;②能进流食或软食;③病变长度5~6cm;④无穿孔征象的。我们超分割放疗剂量不宜过大,一般1.3 GY~1.8 GY/次。特别注意后程的放疗副反应及组织耐受量,在超分割方案时L-Q修正模式等效剂量作为临床参考。全程加速超分割或后程加速超分割[3]能缩短治疗时间,提高局控率,提高生存期。

【参考文献】
    [1]郭跃信.老年食管癌加速超分割放射治疗临床探讨[J].肿瘤临床,2006,7(2):386-388.

  [2]施学辉,吴根娣,等.后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌长期疗效[J].中华放射肿瘤学杂志,1977,6(1):12-15.

  [3]肿瘤放射治疗学[M].第3版.10.