吉西他滨联合化疗一线治疗晚期胰腺癌生存结果的亚组meta分析

来源:岁月联盟 作者: 时间:2010-07-12

                        作者:谢德荣 梁汉霖 杨琼 江志敏 郭双双 陈邓林 毕卓菲  

【摘要】  【目的】 Meta分析提示吉西他滨(GEM)联合化疗一线晚期胰腺癌优于标准的GEM单药化疗,在此基础上进行亚组生存结果的meta分析及资料更新,旨在寻找确切有效的化疗方案。【方法】通过MEDLINE、EMBASE、ASCO、ECCO等数据库及集检索相关。按纳入标准筛选新增文献并进行资料更新。主要对各亚组进行半年生存率、其次是1年生存率的meta分析。【结果】 17个随机对照临床试验(RCT)共3 821例患者纳入分析,按化疗方案分为GEM联合顺铂(GEMDDP)、GEM固定剂量率输注联合奥沙利铂(GEMOX)、联合5FU(GEMFU)、联合卡培他滨(GEMCAP)以及联合伊立替康(GEMIRI)等5个亚组,各亚组半年生存率的治疗优势(RD)分别为5%(P=0.24)、9%(P=0.005)、2%(P=0.46)、7%(P=0.03)和-1%(P=0.88);1年生存率RD为6%(P=0.11)、5%(P=0.07)、4%(P=0.19)、5%(P=0.08)和0(P=0.97)。【结论】现有的证据提示GEMOX、GEMCAP联合化疗方案一线治疗晚期胰腺癌,有较好的应用前景,值得进一步的临床试验。

【关键词】  胰腺肿瘤; 化学疗法; 吉西他滨; 卡培他滨; 奥沙利铂; Meta分析


     Abstract:【Objective】 Previous meta-analyses had shown gemcitabie (GEM)-based combination chemotherapy was superior to GEM monotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (APCa), Subgroup analyses were performed using updated information to seek for the exactly effective GEM-based combination regimen to benefit patients with APCa. 【Methods】 Subgroup meta-analyses of all previously published or unpublished studies were performed with a comprehensive search of the updated literature including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ASCO and ECCO. The analyses included all randomized evidence to compare GEM combination chemotherapy with GEM alone with respect to 6-month survival rate (6-mo SR) and 1-year survival rate (1-y SR) in APCa patients. 【Results】 Seventeen RCTs involving 3821 patients were included in this meta-analysis, which were divided into five subgroups according to the combination chemotherapy regimen, GEM plus cisplatin (GEMDDP), fixed-dose rate infusion of GEM plus oxaliplatin (GEMOX), GEM plus 5-fluorouracil (GEMFU), GEM plus capecitabine (GEMCAP) and GEM plus irinotecan (GEMIRI). Subgroup analyses showed the risk difference (RD) of 6-mo SR were 5% (P=0.24), 9% (P=0.005), 2% (P=0.46), 7% (P=0.03) and -1% (P=0.88), respectively; and the 1-y SR 6% (P=0.11), 5% (P=0.07), 4% (P=0.19), 5% (P=0.08), and 0% (P=0.97), respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the available evidence, GEMOX and GEMCAP regimens may be considered promising regimen as the front-line therapy for APCa, which encourages further clinical trials.

    Key words: pancreatic neoplasms; chemotherapy; gemcitabine; capecitabine; oxaliplatin; meta-analysis

    晚期胰腺癌化疗效果差,Meta分析显示吉西他滨(Gemcitabine, GEM)联合化疗优于标准的GEM单药化疗[1],联合化疗是今后的方向[2]。由于纳入分析的联合化疗方案包括GEM联合顺铂(Cisplatin, DDP)、奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin, OXA)、氟尿嘧啶(5-Fluorouracil, FU)、卡培他滨(Capcitabine, CAP)以及伊立替康(Irinotecan, IRI)等,而Meta分析反映的仅仅是这些方案的总效应,对临床缺乏实际的指导意义。美国NCCN(2006v.2)指引,建议晚期胰腺癌可选用GEM联合DDP、OXA或CAP等联合化疗方案,但证据级别仅为2A。本文拟在前期meta分析的基础上,对各联合化疗方案进行亚组生存结果的meta分析及资料更新,旨在寻找确切有效的化疗方案,为临床提供高级别证据。

    1   材料与方法

    1.1   检索策略

    以MEDLINE、EMBASE、生物医学文献数据库、ASCO论文集等为主要来源,在上次检索(截止日期2006年4月26日)的基础上[1],增加检索ECCO论文集(2006),同时文献截止日期更新为2007年3月31日。中文检索词“胰腺肿瘤”、“胰腺癌”、“吉西他滨”等;检索词“pancreas”、“pancreatic neoplasms”、“pancreatic cancer”、“pancreatic carcinoma”、“pancreatic adenocar?鄄cinoma”、“gemcitabine”等,语种不限。结果共检出新增文献327篇。

    1.2   纳入标准

    原始研究类型为前瞻性随机对照临床研究(randomized controlled trial, RCT);研究对象为不可切除的胰腺癌(局部晚期和远处转移),有病理诊断,无胰腺癌以外的肿瘤,血象、肝肾功能基本正常,能耐受化疗;研究内容为晚期胰腺癌GEM联合化疗与GEM单药化疗对比的RCT,治疗组为GEM联合化疗,对照组为GEM单药化疗,均为一线治疗,无接受研究内容以外的其它抗癌治疗。原始文献有明确的随访截尾时的存活例数或有清晰的生存曲线,随访率 >95%。原始文献质量评价Jadad评分[3]3分或以上。

    1.3   资料收集与分析

    由2位评价者分别按上述策略收集资料,严格按纳入标准对新增文献进行筛选。从327条新增文献中,经2位评价者共同讨论,有5项RCT符合纳入标准[4-8],对新增的5篇文献的文献进行扩大检索,未发现新的符合条件的文献。新增文献[4-6]曾在ASCO报道,已纳入上次Meta分析,文献[4,5]的生存资料与旧文献相同,文献[6]新增患者3例,但暂时无法获得准确的分组及生存信息,本次仍按原文献资料进行分析[1],因此实际新增2个RCT[7,8]。上次纳入Meta分析有22个RCT [1],更新后共有24个RCT,按联合化疗方案进行分组并行亚组分析,GEM联合DDP(GEMDDP)有6个RCT共560例患者[9]、固定剂量率输注联合OXA(GEMOX)2个RCT 869例[8,10]、联合FU(GEMFU) 3个RCT 881例[11-13]、联合CAP(GEMCAP)3个RCT 932例[7,14,15]、联合IRI(GEMIRI)3个RCT 579例[5,16,17],其余7个RCT均为单一研究不作亚组分析。最后共17个RCT、3821例患者纳入本次Meta分析。

    1.4   观察指标及统计学方法

    主要观察终点指标为半年生存率,其次为一年生存率。统计学处理由meta分析软件RevMan4.28完成。结局变量为接受GEM联合化疗的患者和接受GEM单药化疗的患者生存率的差值,即治疗优势(risk difference, RD)。研究结果的异质性分析,用检验统计量Q表示,异质性检验,P >0.05时采用固定效应模型,P< 0.05时采用随机效应模型。

    2   结   果

    2.1   半年生存率分析

    结果见图1。GEM联合化疗,半年生存率提高5%(95% CI 0.02~0.08, P=0.002),亚组分析提示GEMOX提高9%(95% CI 0.03~0.16, P=0.005);GEMCAP提高7%(95% CI 0.01~0.13, P=0.03);余各亚组半年生存率与GEM单药比较,差别无统计学意义。

    2.2   一年生存率分析 

    结果见图2。GEM联合化疗1年生存率提高4%(95% CI 0.01~0.07, P=0.002)。GEMOX及GEMCAP两个亚组,一年生存率均提高5%,有改善的趋势,但差别均无统计学意义(P=0.07或0.08)。

    3   讨  论

    本研究对国内外多个医学数据库、重要的肿瘤学术会议资料进行多重检索,严格按研究前制定的纳入标准进行筛选,文献质量评价要求Jadad评分3分及以上,可见纳入分析的原始研究均为高质量的临床研究。漏斗图基本对称、均匀散开,提示文献的发表偏倚的可能性较小[1]。因而本研究具有较高的可信度。对入选的17个RCT共3 821例患者进行meta分析,显示联合化疗有生存优势,半年生存率提高5%(95% CI 0.02~0.08,P=0.002);1年生存率提高4%(95% CI 0.01~0.07, P=0.002),与以前的研究结果一致[1],但与Yip的研究有所不同[18],主要原因可能与检索的数据库及截止日期不同有关,Yip没有检索中文数据库及ASCO、ECCO会议资料,且截止日期为2006年3月25日(部份数据库截止日期2005年)。

    截止到2007年3月31日止,共有24个GEM联合化疗与GEM单药比较的RCT,其中8个为含铂类,可见含铂类联合化疗是当前临床研究重点。Louvet等报告2个含铂类RCT的 meta分析,结果联合铂类化疗,其中位疾病无进展生存期及中位生存期均明显优于GEM单药[19]。提示含铂类的化疗方案有可能成为晚期胰腺癌的一线治疗方案。

    先前报道6个联合顺铂RCT的Meta分析[9],自上次文献截止日期2005年3月20日至本次截止日期,没有发现新的符合纳入标准的文献,推测联合顺铂不再是临床研究的热点。联合顺铂未能改善患者的半年(RD=0.05,95% CI -0.03~0.13,P=0.24)及1年的生存率(RD=0.06,95% CI -0.01~0.14,P=0.11),而毒副反应有可能增加。推测GEMDDP方案不宜用于晚期胰腺癌的治疗,现有的证据不支持NCCN指引中关于晚期胰腺癌可选用GEMDDP联合化疗的建议。但也有研究认为PS评分较好的患者可从中获益[20]。

    目前仅有2个联合OXA的RCT[8,10],Louvet等[10]的研究为阳性结果,NCCN据此研究推荐GEMOX方案可用于晚期胰腺癌的;而Poplin等[8]的研究为阴性结果(但中位总生存期有改善趋势,6.5月 vs 5月),并被ASCO评为2006年临床肿瘤学研究主要进展之一,认为联合OXA治疗胰腺癌并无优势[21]。可见两大权威机构对现有的2个RCT作出完全不同的解读。由于这两个RCT的研究设计相似,治疗方案相同,OXA剂量均为100 mg/m2;GEM剂量相同,均为固定剂量率输注(1 000 mg/m2,100 min),同质性良好,且均为国际知名的肿瘤中心完成,结果可靠,因而可以将其合并进行meta分析,结果GEMOX半年生存率提高9%(95% CI 0.03~0.16, P=0.005),1年生存率也有改善的趋势,但差别无统计学意义(P=0.07)。可见,现有的证据提示GEMOX方案,可以改善半年生存率,研究结果支持NCCN指引关于GEMOX可用于晚期胰腺癌的治疗的建议。

    上次报道吉西他滨联合FU/CAP的Meta分析[22],共涉及4个RCT,结果联合化疗未能改善患者的生存,本次资料更新后共有6个RCT,新增2个RCT均为GEM联合CAP的研究[7-8],提示CAP是近年研究的热点。GEMCAP方案半年生存率提高7%(95% CI 0.01~0.13,P=0.03),1年生存率提高5%,但差别无统计学意义(P=0.08)。考虑到Scheithauer等[14]的研究为Ⅱ期临床研究,且GEM的用法为探索性研究,即2 200 mg/m2,双周重复,临床上基本上不采用该用法,因此可以将该研究从meta分析中剔除,剔除后联合化疗组1年生存率有统计学意义地提高6%(95%CI 0.00~0.12,P=0.02)(资料未列出)。可见现有证据支持GEMCAP方案可作为晚期胰腺癌的一线治疗。

    FU是治疗晚期胰腺癌的有效药物之一,但meta分析结果表明与GEM联合并不能改善半年(P=0.46)及1年生存率(P=0.19)。同样,联合IRI也无生存优势。因此,现有证据不支持GEM联合5FU以及IRI用于晚期胰腺癌的治疗。

    综上所述,GEMOX及GEMCAP方案一线治疗晚期胰腺癌,有较好的应用前景,值得进一步的临床试验。

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