PXE网络化安装linux系统实现原理及基本步骤

来源:岁月联盟 编辑:zhuzhu 时间:2009-05-27
PXE网络化安装linux系统实现原理及基本步骤内容简介:配置方法网上实在实在是很多,如果要更详细的,大家可以直接到网上找,我不会在这里写的非常详细,不会step by step的讲述,最重要的是要知道实现原理!相信看了我下面的原理讲解,能对你们看相关文档带来    配置方法网上实在实在是很多,如果要更详细的,大家可以直接到网上找,我不会在这里写的非常详细,不会step by step的讲述,最重要的是要知道实现原理!相信看了我下面的原理讲解,能对你们看相关文档带来更大的帮助,因为真的有很多人在对着文档做的时候更本不知道自己在做什么!

  流程化实现原理:

  支持PXE的电脑开机(预先打开网卡PXE功能,网络引导)---> DHCP给该电脑一个IP地址,并指明下一跳tftp文件服务器 ---> 电脑去tftp服务器上(/tftpboot 文件夹下面)下载到一个叫做 pxelinux.0的文件,并拿到pxelinux.cfg文件夹下的default配置文件 ---> 根据该配置文件加载内核等操作,同时该配置文件中可以指明ks.cfg文件的地址,这样实现全程无人化安装!

  基本实现步骤:

  1.DHCP服务器配置

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/dhcpd.conf

  ddns-update-style interim;

  ignore client-updates;

  allow booting;

  allow bootp;

  subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

  # --- default gateway

  option routers 192.168.1.1;

  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

  # option nis-domain "domain.org";

  # option domain-name "domain.org";

  option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

  option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

  # option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;

  # option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

  # --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

  # -- you understand Netbios very well

  # option netbios-node-type 2;

  range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.10;

  default-lease-time 21600;

  max-lease-time 43200;

  next-server 192.168.1.112;

  filename "pxelinux.0";

  # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

  # host ns {

  # next-server marvin.redhat.com;

  # hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;

  # fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

  # }

  }

   2.tftp服务器配置

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

  # default: off

  # de.ion: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer

  # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless

  # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers,

  # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

  service tftp

  {

  socket_type = dgram

  protocol = udp

  wait = yes

  user = root

  server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

  server_args = -s /tftpboot

  disable = no

  per_source = 11

  cps = 100 2

  flags = IPv4

  }

   3.准备相关文件

  安装目录树,ks.cfg,initrd.img,pxelinux.0,pxelinux.cfg,vmlinuz

  A--把安装目录树拷贝到一个共享目录中,例如,/var/ftp/pub下面,用ftp共享

  B--ks.cfg也拷贝到 /var/ftp/pub下面

  C--

  cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot

  cp /media/cdrom/images/pxeboot/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /tftpboot

  mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

  touch /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

  default文件内容:(ftp地址自己改)

  [root@localhost ~]# cat /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

  default linux

  prompt 1

  timeout 60

  display boot.msg

  label linux

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.1.112/pub/ks.cfg