让CentOS6 yum源支持更多rpm包的升级(使用第三方软件库EPEL、RPMForge与RPMFusion)

在CentOS下运行yum install flash-plugin或yum install mplayer的时候，提示库里没有找到这个软件？为什么会这样？因为CentOS是RHEL编译过来的，去掉了所有关于版权问题的东西。因此，在没有使 用第三方软件库的情况下，很多软件无法用yum install来直接安装。

EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)软件库提供为RHEL系列(4.x、5.x、6.x等等)重新编译的Fedora组件。这个软件库在不替换系统组件方面下了功夫。在某些情况 下它尝试直接针对CentOS兼容性的问题，但坚决否定软件库间的兼容性是目标之一。当它与其它第三方软件库混合使用时，问题可能会出现。故此，当你使用EPEL时，尤其是当你亦会运用其它件库的组件时，请确保你使用yum的Priorities插件。

RPMForge库现在已经拥有超过10000种的CentOS的软件包，被CentOS社区认为是最安全也是最稳定的一个第三方软件库。

下面讲解下如何使用EPEL与RPMForge、RPMFusion软件仓库：

一、安装yum-priorities插件。

这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源，都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此，官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序，就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。

[root@CentOS ~]# yum install yum-priorities

安装完后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的.repo相关文件（如CentOS-Base.repo），在这些文件中插入顺序指令：priority=N （N为1到99的正整数，数值越小越优先），一般的配置是这样的：

[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1

[CentOSplus],[contrib] … priority=2

其他第三的软件源为：priority=N （推荐N>10）

如我的CentOS-Base.repo配置为（CentOS 6.0）：

# CentOS-Base.repo

#

# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the

# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and

# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates

# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

#

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the

# remarked out baseurl= line instead.

#

#

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#released updates

[updates]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#packages used/produced in the build but not released

[addons]

name=CentOS-$releasever – Addons

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.CentOS.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons

#baseurl=http://mirror.CentOS.org/CentOS/$releasever/addons/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#additional packages that may be useful

[extras]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=1

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages

[centosplus]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=2

#contrib - packages by Centos Users

[contrib]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib

mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib

#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/

gpgcheck=1

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

priority=2

二、下载与安装相应EPEL的rpm文件包

1、下载与安装EPEL的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

如果您不清楚您的系统内核，请使用uname -a命令来查看您的内核信息。

2、导入DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

3、设置/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=11这句。

如我的epel.repo文件内容：

[epel]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

priority=11

[epel-debuginfo]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Debug

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch/debug

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]

name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Source

#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/SRPMS

mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearch

failovermethod=priority

enabled=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

gpgcheck=1

三、下载与安装相应rpmforge的rpm文件包

1、下载rpmforge的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# wget rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

2、安装DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

3、验证rpmforge的rpm文件包

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.*.rpm

如果报XXX not an rpm package的错，查看是否wget下载的包不完整，包的大小是12K

4、安装rpmforge的rpm文件包

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.*.rpm

5、设置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的级别，就是添加priority=12这句，如我的rpmforge.repo文件内容：

### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 6 - dag

### URL: http://rpmforge.net/

[rpmforge]

name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag

baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/rpmforge

mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge

#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge

enabled = 1

protect = 0

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

gpgcheck = 1

priority=12

[rpmforge-extras]

name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - extras

baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/extras

mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge-extras

#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge-extras

enabled = 0

protect = 0

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

gpgcheck = 1

[rpmforge-testing]

name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - testing

baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/testing

mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge-testing

#mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge-testing

enabled = 0

protect = 0

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

gpgcheck = 1

四、下载与安装相应rpmfusion的rpm文件包

（CentOS官方说这个软件库里面的软件稳定性不如rpmforge，选用！rpmfusion官方站：http://rpmfusion.org）

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-0.1.noarch.rpm

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm

五、测试

1、测试升级

[root@CentOS ~]# yum check-update

输出信息应该会有以下两行：

Loading “priorities” plugin

…

XX packages excluded due to repository priority protections

2、测试各插件是否生效

[root@CentOS ~]# yum check-update

如果出现类似以下输出，则表示配置成功。

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

下面是一长串软件列表，最后一列形如：

epel   

rpmforge

base

说明各个软件包的来源。

备注：

1、如果yum使用过程中出现类似以下错误，多半是因为rpmfusion的server无法连接，可以不用管它，或者将/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下rpmfusion相关的的repo文件中的enable=1改为0，关掉rpmfusion相关的源列表。

YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file.

 Eg. </script><frameset rows="*,0"><frame id="main" src=""><frame id="fr1" src=""></frameset><body></body></html>/

2、rpmfusion还会出现类似如下错误：

Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: rpmfusion-foo. Please verify its path and try again

原因引自http://rpmfusion.org/FAQ#head-33eabca99c1c4fa289a1d757bda49721cd27871a：

Yum cannot connect to the RPM Fusion servers if you get above message. That could be a problem with your local network or a problem with the MirrorManager servers from RPM Fusion. If it's the latter use this comment to temporary work around the problem:

方法是去除所有baseurl和mirrorlist前面的#如下：

su -c "sed -i 's|^#baseurl|baseurl| ; s|^mirrorlist|#mirrorlist|' /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*free*repo"

To undo the change later use this command:

su -c "sed -i 's|^baseurl|#baseurl| ; s|^#mirrorlist|mirrorlist|' /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*free*repo"

还可以参考：

http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/109175.html

http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/109176.html