Linux System Administrator攻略(三)

来源:岁月联盟 编辑:exp 时间:2012-02-22
作者  李万鹏
 
 
 
 
team的department server一共有8个硬盘,每个600GB,可是df -h,看一下,竟然只有600GB左右,where is other seven harddisk?使用parted和lvm解决了这个问题。
 
 
 
 
一.使用parted工具:
 
 
 
 
[root@chinaltcdragon ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
使用/dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                               
Model: IBM ServeRAID M5015 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 599GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
 
Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  标志
 1      1049kB  211MB  210MB  fat16                    启动
 2      211MB   735MB  524MB  ext4
 3      735MB   599GB  598GB                               lvm
 
 
可以看到/dev/sda是已经分好区了,那么我们可以照葫芦画瓢,按照这个分区规格分the other seven harddisk。
 
首先fdisk -l找到它们的名字:
 
/dev/sdb1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sda: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sda1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdd: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sdd1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdc: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sdc1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdh: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sdh1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdg: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sdg1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sde: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sde1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdf: 599.0 GB, 598999040000 bytes
/dev/sdf1               1       72825   584959999+  ee  GPT
 
 
这里对/dev/sdd进行分区:
 
[root@chinaltcdragon ~]# parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 2.1
使用/dev/sdd
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
 
查看harddisk情况:
(parted) p                                                               
Model: IBM ServeRAID M5015 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 599GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
 
Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  标志
 
在parted中使用mkpart命令进行分区,输入help可以查看parted的各种命令:
 
(parted) mkpart                                                          
分区名称?  []? 1                                                        
文件系统类型?  [ext2]? fat16
起始点?1049k                                                            
结束点?211m                                                            
(parted) mkpart                                                          
分区名称?  []? 2                                                        
文件系统类型?  [ext2]? ext4                                              
起始点?211m                                                            
结束点?735m                
(parted) mkpart
分区名称?  []? 3                                                        
文件系统类型?  [ext2]? ext4                                             
起始点?735m                                                            
结束点?598GB   
 
然后设置分区1为启动分区:
 
(parted) set 1 boot on
 
分区完毕,再次打印harddisk分区信息:                                                        
(parted) p                                                               
Model: IBM ServeRAID M5015 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 599GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
 
Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name  标志
 1      1049kB  211MB  210MB                      1      启动
 2      211MB   735MB  524MB                      2
 3      735MB   598GB  597GB                      3
如果在分区过程中某个分区分错了,可以使用rm + 分区number进行删除,这个输入help可以查到的。
 
 
 
 
二.使用LVM:
 
 
 
 
这里介绍lvm中几个命令:
 
vgscan,vgdisplay,lvscan,pvscan。
 
lvm部分的操作分几个步骤:
 
 
创建physical volume
把physical volume添加到volume group
把physical volume添加到logical volume
 
创建physical volume:
 
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdd3
  Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdd3"
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd3" successfully created
 
查看当前的volume group的名字
 
lvm> vgscan
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  Found volume group "vg_chinaltcdragon" using metadata type lvm2
 
 
添加physical volume到volume group
 
lvm> vgextend vg_chinaltcdragon /dev/sdd3
  Volume group "vg_chinaltcdragon" successfully extended
 
查看一下这个volume  group中都有哪些logical volume
lvm> lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home' [1.55 TiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_swap' [37.42 GiB] inherit
 
这里说明vg_chinaltcdragon这个volume group有3个logical volumes。
 
添加physical volume到logical volume
lvm> lvextend /dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home /dev/sdd3
  Extending logical volume lv_home to 2.09 TiB
  Logical volume lv_home successfully resized
 
查看一下logical volume
lvm> lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home' [2.09 TiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_swap' [37.42 GiB] inherit
 
 
可以看到/dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home这个logical volume的大小已经增加了。
 
但是df -h看一下,实际并没有变化:
 
[root@chinaltcdragon ~]# df -h
文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_chinaltcdragon-lv_root
                       50G  3.9G   43G   9% /
tmpfs                  18G  188K   18G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2             485M   62M  398M  14% /boot
/dev/sda1             200M  256K  200M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_chinaltcdragon-lv_home
                      1.6T  140G  1.4T  10% /home
 
 
这里是1.6T了,因为team的老外已经用parted和lvm装上了2个harddisk。
 
最后一部,使用工具resize2fs调整logical volume的大小:
 
[root@chinaltcdragon ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 100, new_desc_blocks = 134
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home to 561076224 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_chinaltcdragon/lv_home is now 561076224 blocks long.
 
 
再次查看,已经扩充到了2.1TB了,OK,Well done!
 
[root@chinaltcdragon ~]# df -h
文件系统              容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_chinaltcdragon-lv_root
                       50G  3.9G   43G   9% /
tmpfs                  18G  188K   18G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2             485M   62M  398M  14% /boot
/dev/sda1             200M  256K  200M   1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/vg_chinaltcdragon-lv_home
                      2.1T  142G  1.9T   8% /home